Energy/Introduction

2012-05-16T19:19:48Z

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	=== Introduction: Energy as a Nomadic Concept ===		=== Introduction: Energy as a Nomadic Concept ===
	<blockquote><br>''Pourqui certains concepts scientifiques connaissent-ils une vie nomade, d'une science à l'autre? Que deviennent-ils lorsqu'ils passent d'une science 'dure' à une science 'molle', ou inversement? Conservent-ils le même sens? Contribuent-ils à unifier le champ des sciences? Ou bien en compliquent-ils plus le relief?'' - Isabelle Stengers, 1987<br><br>(Translation of above by Manuela Rossini: ''How is it that certain scientific concepts lead a nomadic life, from one science to the next? What do they become as they travel from a 'hard' science to a 'soft' science, or viceversa? Does their meaning stay the same? Do they help to unify the field of the sciences? Or do they rather complicate the picture?)''</blockquote>		<blockquote><br>''Pourqui certains concepts scientifiques connaissent-ils une vie nomade, d'une science à l'autre? Que deviennent-ils lorsqu'ils passent d'une science 'dure' à une science 'molle', ou inversement? Conservent-ils le même sens? Contribuent-ils à unifier le champ des sciences? Ou bien en compliquent-ils plus le relief?'' - Isabelle Stengers, 1987<br><br>(Translation of above by Manuela Rossini: ''How is it that certain scientific concepts lead a nomadic life, from one science to the next? What do they become as they travel from a 'hard' science to a 'soft' science, or viceversa? Does their meaning stay the same? Do they help to unify the field of the sciences? Or do they rather complicate the picture?)''</blockquote>
-	<br>While I write this Introduction, the meltdown of the three reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in March 2011 is apparently still not under control and made new energy-saving technologies the centre of attention at CEATEC, Japan's largest information technology and electronics fair, in October of the same year. Hope rises among environmentally-conscious scientists like [http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/4/7/1051 Sasaki et al.] that better management of the island’s many forests and policy reinforcements will allow the sustainable use of woody biomass or any other natural resource freely available (as documented by the non-profit organization [http://www.japanfs.org/en Japan for Sustainability] or the German [http://www.energyrichjapan.info/en/index.html Energy Rich Japan Project]) in order to generate the 858.5 billion kWh the Japanese population currently consumes per year. The techno-natural disaster has also recharged the empty batteries of anti-nuclear movements, not only in Japan, and fuelled pronunciamentos by political parties of almost all creeds for an ‚energy turn’ world-wide.	+	<br>While I write this Introduction, the meltdown of the three reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in March 2011 is apparently still not under control and made new energy-saving technologies the centre of attention at CEATEC, Japan's largest information technology and electronics fair, in October of the same year. Hope rises among environmentally-conscious scientists like [http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/4/7/1051 Sasaki et al.] that better management of the island’s many forests and policy reinforcements will allow the sustainable use of woody biomass or any other natural resource freely available (as documented by the non-profit organization [http://www.japanfs.org/en Japan for Sustainability] or the German [http://www.energyrichjapan.info/en/index.html Energy Rich Japan Project]) in order to generate the 858.5 billion kWh the Japanese population currently consumes per year. The techno-natural disaster has also recharged the empty batteries of anti-nuclear movements, not only in Japan, and fuelled pronunciamentos by political parties of almost all creeds for an ‚energy turn’ world-wide. In order to write the above paragraph, dozens of [http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/09/technology/google-details-and-defends-its-use-of-electricity.html google clicks] were needed, each spending an amount of energy equivalent to letting a light bulb of 60 watts burn for 18 seconds. And many dozens of clicks more to search for open-access articles and other information to compile this collection. Like all digital practices and social media, the Living Books about Life project depends upon energy-intensive infrastructures, partly coal-powered data centres (see [http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news/features/New-Greenpeace-report-digs-up-the-dirt-on-Internet-data-centres/ dirty-data report] by Greenpeace) and an equally energy-intensive cooling system for servers that never sleep. But this is not a book about renewable energies and how to turn the land of the rising sun into the Kingdom of Solar Energy or joining hands with Cheeky Cloud and making windmills turn round and round while unfriending Facebook’s Dirty Coal as promoted by the [http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/climate-change/cool-it/ITs-carbon-footprint/Facebook/ Greenpeace compaign] and [http://www.youtube.com/v/QPty-ZLbJt0?version=3 video]. Moralistic finger-pointing at the big Western cooperations, greedy capitalists or, worse perhaps, nature as an evil force will not do any longer - if ever it did. An energetic (r)evolution is depending on a climate change on all levels of the material, social and cultural fabric of the world, including the micro-level of the individual and his or her life-style, 'energy mentality', and values, and not just on a technological fix and a call for new legislation. A more connected and holistic ecological approach, moreover, entails a political and ethical awareness that energy use, capitalism, imperialism, anthropocentrism, reactors, tsunamis, electricity, transmission wires, among other 'things', have each an agency of their own, affecting and affected by each of the other aforementioned elements (cf. Chapter 2 in Bennett 2010 on the North American blackout of August 2003). This book is hence not exclusively about the ''E(''nergy) of scientific equations such as Einstein's famous formula ''E'' = mc<sup>2</sup>. Nor primarily about energy as an un/limited resource and consumer good. It is, rather, a book about energy as a nomadic concept and material-semiotic agent of trans/formation shaping not only "technologies, politics, societies and cultural world views" (Möllers & Zachmann 2012, [http://www.transcript-verlag.de/ts1964/ts1964_1.pdf Introduction]) but all that lives. Tapping into energy as both an idea and a dynamic substance, or intensive flow and affect rather, I hope to add another atom to Vicki Kirby's recent 'quantum-anthropological' proposition of a 'meta-physis'' ''of life at large' (2011). More theoretically speaking, the aim is to contribute to the project of [http://www.rodopi.nl/senj.asp?SerieId=CPH critical posthumanisms]. Or call it a modest proposal to embrace a 'cosmopolitics' (Stengers, 2010 and 2011) in order to sustain the good vibrations of all that matters.
-		+
-	In order to write the above paragraph, dozens of [http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/09/technology/google-details-and-defends-its-use-of-electricity.html google clicks] were needed, each spending an amount of energy equivalent to letting a light bulb of 60 watts burn for 18 seconds. And many dozens of clicks more to search for open-access articles and other information to compile this collection. Like all digital practices and social media, the Living Books about Life project depends upon energy-intensive infrastructures, partly coal-powered data centres (see [http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news/features/New-Greenpeace-report-digs-up-the-dirt-on-Internet-data-centres/ dirty-data report] by Greenpeace) and an equally energy-intensive cooling system for servers that never sleep.	+
-		+
-	But this is not a book about renewable energies and how to turn the land of the rising sun into the Kingdom of Solar Energy or joining hands with Cheeky Cloud and making windmills turn round and round while unfriending Facebook’s Dirty Coal as promoted by the [http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/climate-change/cool-it/ITs-carbon-footprint/Facebook/ Greenpeace compaign] and [http://www.youtube.com/v/QPty-ZLbJt0?version=3 video]. Moralistic finger-pointing at the big Western cooperations, greedy capitalists or, worse perhaps, nature as an evil force will not do any longer - if ever it did. An energetic (r)evolution is depending on a climate change on all levels of the material, social and cultural fabric of the world, including the micro-level of the individual and his or her life-style, 'energy mentality', and values, and not just on a technological fix and a call for new legislation. A more connected and holistic ecological approach, moreover, entails a political and ethical awareness that energy use, capitalism, imperialism, anthropocentrism, reactors, tsunamis, electricity, transmission wires, among other 'things', have each an agency of their own, affecting and affected by each of the other aforementioned elements (cf. Chapter 2 in Bennett 2010 on the North American blackout of August 2003). This book is hence not exclusively about the ''E(''nergy) of scientific equations such as Einstein's famous formula ''E'' = mc<sup>2</sup>. Nor primarily about energy as an un/limited resource and consumer good. It is, rather, a book about energy as a nomadic concept and material-semiotic agent of trans/formation. Tapping into energy as both an idea and a dynamic substance, or intensive flow and affect rather, I hope to add another atom to Vicki Kirby's recent 'quantum-anthropological' proposition of a 'meta-physis'' ''of life at large' (2011). More ~~broadly and~~ theoretically speaking, the aim is to contribute to the project of [http://www.rodopi.nl/senj.asp?SerieId=CPH critical posthumanisms]. Or call it a modest proposal to embrace a 'cosmopolitics' (Stengers, 2010 and 2011) in order to sustain the good vibrations of all that matters.	+

	=== Energy Forms: TransForming Dynamics ===		=== Energy Forms: TransForming Dynamics ===
	<blockquote><br>In the era of classical thermodynamics, the cultural allegory of energy forms proceeded from the universal moralization of heat into the relativistic decoding of light, preparing both matter and energy for further metamorphoses into the chaotic orders of information. - Bruce Clarke, 2001 </blockquote>		<blockquote><br>In the era of classical thermodynamics, the cultural allegory of energy forms proceeded from the universal moralization of heat into the relativistic decoding of light, preparing both matter and energy for further metamorphoses into the chaotic orders of information. - Bruce Clarke, 2001 </blockquote>
-	<br>As a cosmopolitan nomad, energy takes a ride in several [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lCFxwfq_bbM&feature=related forms] and media of transportation to travel (in)between [http://www.scienceclarified.com/Sp-Th/Subatomic-Particles.html subatomic particles], bodies, societies, cultures, stories and disciplines. Having no passport, it belongs to none of the countries it traverses, yet leaves its footprints everywhere while also being trans/formed by what it encounters and interacts with - or, more appropriately, ''intra''-acts with: material agents, to follow Karen Barad, do not meet as already constituted and discrete entities, usually separated in space and time, but only emerge as seemingly individual forms through and from their mutual quantum entanglements (link "quantum entanglements" to pdf of Barad 2010) in spacetime. Energy is no exception in this matter. The online ''Encyclopedia of Human Thermodynamics'' (see [http://www.eoht.info/page/Energy Energy]) explains that while the term “energy” was only spelt like this in 1599, its etymological roots can be found in Artistotle’s ''Metaphysics'' (c. 350 BC) where a state of functioning but also the ability “to bring about something else” is foregrounded. Yet, ἐνέργεια in the Greek philosopher’s ethical treatises also had the meaning of “activity” (to denote more than simply a disposition or state) as well as, in his Rhetoric, the meaning of “a vigorous style”. From the beginning then, the concept implied that physical as well as discursive powers are in charge of “the ceaseless transformation of the potential into the actual” that I would like to emphasise in ''Energy Connections'': life - whether human or nonhuman, organic or inorganic - as crea(c)tive becoming with energy of various states and forms (including narrativizations and even artistic [http://www.tate.org.uk/servlet/CollectionDisplays?venueid=2&roomid=5636 anti-forms]) being vital to its dynamics. <br><br>(to be continued: Leipniz ... dynamic systems ... nonequilibrium thermodynamics ...)	+	<br>As a cosmopolitan nomad, energy takes a ride in several [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lCFxwfq_bbM&feature=related forms] and media of transportation to travel (in)between [http://www.scienceclarified.com/Sp-Th/Subatomic-Particles.html subatomic particles], bodies, societies, cultures, stories and disciplines. Having no passport, it belongs to none of the countries it traverses, yet leaves its footprints everywhere while also being trans/formed by what it encounters and interacts with - or, more appropriately, ''intra''-acts with: material agents, to follow Karen Barad, do not meet as already constituted and discrete entities, usually separated in space and time, but only emerge as seemingly individual forms through and from their mutual quantum entanglements (link "quantum entanglements" to pdf of Barad 2010) in spacetime. Energy is no exception in this matter. The online ''Encyclopedia of Human Thermodynamics'' (see [http://www.eoht.info/page/Energy Energy]) explains that while the term “energy” was only spelt like this in 1599, its etymological roots can be found in Artistotle’s ''Metaphysics'' (c. 350 BC) where a state of functioning but also the ability “to bring about something else” is foregrounded. Yet, ἐνέργεια in the Greek philosopher’s ethical treatises also had the meaning of “activity” (to denote more than simply a disposition or state) as well as, in his Rhetoric, the meaning of “a vigorous style”. From the beginning then, the concept implied that physical as well as discursive powers are in charge of “the ceaseless transformation of the potential into the actual” that I would like to emphasise in ''Energy Connections'': life - whether human or nonhuman, organic or inorganic - as crea(c)tive becoming with energy of various states and forms (including narrativizations and even artistic [http://www.tate.org.uk/servlet/CollectionDisplays?venueid=2&roomid=5636 anti-forms]) being vital to its dynamics. <br><br>(to be continued: Leipniz ... dynamic systems ... nonequilibrium thermodynamics ...)

-	<br>	+	<br>

	=== '''Energy Flows: Powering Cosmopolitics''' ===		=== '''Energy Flows: Powering Cosmopolitics''' ===
	<blockquote><br>In a natural universe governed by the laws of energy flow we must understand our true nature and how it is shared with other naturally occurring complex energy systems. - Dorion Sagan, 2009 ([http://chelseagreen.com/blogs/dorionsagan/2009/01/27/the-purpose-of-life-and-humanitys-place-in-the-biosphere/ blog post]) </blockquote>		<blockquote><br>In a natural universe governed by the laws of energy flow we must understand our true nature and how it is shared with other naturally occurring complex energy systems. - Dorion Sagan, 2009 ([http://chelseagreen.com/blogs/dorionsagan/2009/01/27/the-purpose-of-life-and-humanitys-place-in-the-biosphere/ blog post]) </blockquote>
-	<br>(On its way: purpose of life ... vitalism (Bergson, Colebrook 2010 - link) / vibrant materialism (Bennett 2010) ... flow of movement or ener-chi ([http://www.instituteforlifeenergy.com L.E.P.]) ... see also [http://www.livingbooksaboutlife.org/books/Astrobiology Astrobiology])	+	<br>(On its way: purpose of life ... vitalism (Bergson, Colebrook 2010 - link) / vibrant materialism (Bennett 2010) ... flow of movement or ener-chi ([http://www.instituteforlifeenergy.com L.E.P.]) ... see also [http://www.livingbooksaboutlife.org/books/Astrobiology Astrobiology])

	=== Energy Matters: Entangling Physis and Semiosis ===		=== Energy Matters: Entangling Physis and Semiosis ===
	<blockquote><br>''Matter and meaning are not separate elements. They are inextricably fused together, and no event, no matter how energetic, can tear them asunder ... most evidently perhaps ... when the smallest parts of matter are found to be capable of exploding deeply entrenched ideas and large cities. ''- Karen Barad, 2007<br> </blockquote>		<blockquote><br>''Matter and meaning are not separate elements. They are inextricably fused together, and no event, no matter how energetic, can tear them asunder ... most evidently perhaps ... when the smallest parts of matter are found to be capable of exploding deeply entrenched ideas and large cities. ''- Karen Barad, 2007<br> </blockquote>
-	''<br>''(On its way: From energy to information ... meaning systems ... see also [http://www.livingbooksaboutlife.org/books/Biosemiotics Biosemiotics]) <br>	+	''<br>''(On its way: From energy to information ... meaning systems ... see also [http://www.livingbooksaboutlife.org/books/Biosemiotics Biosemiotics]) <br>

	=== ===		=== ===
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	Kirby, V. (2011) ''Quantum Anthropologies. Life at Large''. Durham and London: Duke University Press.		Kirby, V. (2011) ''Quantum Anthropologies. Life at Large''. Durham and London: Duke University Press.
		+
		+	Möllers, N. & K. Zachmann (ed.)(2012) ''Past and Present Energy Societies. How Energy Connects Politics, Technologies and Cultures''. Bielefeld: transcript Verlag.<br>

	Schneider, E.D. & J.J. Kay (1994) 'Life as a Manifestation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics', in ''Mathematical and Computer Modelling'' 19.6-8: 25-48.		Schneider, E.D. & J.J. Kay (1994) 'Life as a Manifestation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics', in ''Mathematical and Computer Modelling'' 19.6-8: 25-48.

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