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Watson, R. A. and Pollack, J. B. (1999) How Symbiosis Can Guide Evolution. Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Advances in Artificial Life (ECAL 1999) . pp. 29-38. ISSN 3-540-66452-1 (In Press) available in [http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/12009/ The University of Southampton eprints Open Access Repository]
[http://www.livingbooksaboutlife.org/books/Symbiosis Back to the book]


Luciani F, Alizon S (2009) The Evolutionary Dynamics of a Rapidly Mutating Virus within and between Hosts: The Case of Hepatitis C Virus. PLoS Comput Biol 5(11): e1000565. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000565 [http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pcbi.1000565 Available here ] licensed under Creative Commons Attribution


Wired Science (2010) [http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2010/01/green-sea-slug/ Green Sea Slug Is Part Animal, Part Plant].  
Bhan, A., Singer, P.A. and Daar, S.A. (2010), 'Human-animal chimeras for vaccine development: an endangered species or opportunity for the developing world?' ''BMC International Health and Human Rights'', 10:8doi:10.1186/1472-698X-10-8. [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-698X/10/8/abstract Available here.]
This is a BMC Open Access article. BMC Open Access articles are immediately and permanently available online. Unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium is permitted, provided the article is properly cited. See BMC's [http://www.biomedcentral.com/info/about/charter open access charter.]   


Jian Xu, Michael A. Mahowald, Ruth E. Ley et.al. (2007) [http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.0050156 Evolution of Symbiotic Bacteria in the Distal Human Intestine] Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License
Bök, C. (2008), 'The Xenotext Experiment', ''5:2 SCRIPTed 227'' DOI: 10.2966/scrip.050208.227. [http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/ahrc/script-ed/vol5-2/editorial.asp Available here.]
© 2008 Dr. Christian Bök. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.5 UK: Scotland License.


Jennifer J. Wernegreen (2004) [http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020068 Endosymbiosis: Lessons in Conflict Resolution] Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License
Capra, F. (1982), 'The Systems View of Life', chapter in ''The Turning Point: Science, Society, and the Rising Culture''. New York: Simon and Schuster.
© 1982 Simon and Schuster. Copyrighted but [http://www.mountainman.com.au/f_capra.html available here.]  


Lynn Margulis (1991) 'Symbiogenesis and Symbionticicism' in: René Fester (ed) 'Symbiosis as a source of evolutionary innovation: speciation and morphogenesis'. MIT Press - Copyrighted but [http://books.google.com/books?id=3sKzeiHUIUQC&lpg=PP1&dq=inauthor%3A%22Lynn%20Margulis%22&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false available in Google Books]
Daly, I., Nasuto, S.J., Warwick, K. (2011), 'Brain computer interface control via functional connectivity dynamics', ''Pattern Recognition'' doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2011.04.034. Copyrighted, abstract [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031320311002032 available here.]


Ivan Emmanuel Wallin (1927) [http://www.archive.org/download/symbionticismori00wall/symbionticismori00wall.pdf Symbionticism and the origin of species]. Originally published by Williams and Wilkins Company, now available in the Public Domain
Fuller, M. (2005), 'Introduction', chapter in ''Media Ecologies: Materialist Energies in Art and Technoculture''. MIT Press
© 2005 Matthew Fuller. Copyrighted but Sample Chapter available from MIT Press [http://mitpress.mit.edu/books/chapters/026256226Xintro1.pdf here]  


Fritjof Capra (1982) [http://www.mountainman.com.au/f_capra.html The Turning Point: Chapter on the Systems View of Life]  
Johnson, N.L. and Rasmussen S., 'Symbiotic Intelligence and the Internet: A Deeper Overview', Presented at the 6th Santa Fe Chaos in Manufactuing Conference April 1, 1998. Detailed summary of Johnson N., Rasmussen S., Kantor, M. 'The Symbiotic Intelligence Project. Self-Organizing Knowledge on Distributed Networks Driven by Human Interaction', ''New Frontiers in Collective Problem Solving'' Los Alamos Report LA UR-98-1150.
©2003 Norman L. Johnson. Copyrighted but available [http://collectivescience.com/deeper_overview.html here.]


James Lovelock/Lynn Margulis [http://www.mountainman.com.au/gaia_lyn.html The Gaia Hypothesis]  
Licklider, J.C.R. (1960), 'Man-Computer Symbiosis', ''IRE Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics'', volume HFE-1, pages 4-11, March 1960.
©IRE (now IEEE) 1960. Copyrighted but available [http://memex.org/licklider.pdf here.]  


Mieog JC, Olsen JL, Berkelmans R, Bleuler-Martinez SA, Willis BL, et al. (2009) The Roles and Interactions of Symbiont, Host and Environment in Defining Coral Fitness. PLoS ONE 4(7): e6364. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006364 [http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0006364 The Roles and Interactions of Symbiont, Host and Environment in Defining Coral Fitness] licensed under Creative Commons Attribution
Luciani, F., Alizon, S. (2009), 'The Evolutionary Dynamics of a Rapidly Mutating Virus within and between Hosts: The Case of Hepatitis C Virus', ''PLoS Comput Biol'' 5(11): e1000565. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000565. [http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pcbi.1000565 Available here.]  
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.


Toft C, Williams TA, Fares MA (2009) Genome-Wide Functional Divergence after the Symbiosis of Proteobacteria with Insects Unraveled through a Novel Computational Approach. PLoS Comput Biol 5(4): e1000344. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000344 [http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pcbi.1000344 Genome-Wide Functional Divergence after the Symbiosis of Proteobacteria with Insects Unraveled through a Novel Computational Approach] Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution
Margulis, L. (1991), 'Symbiogenesis and Symbionticism' in: René Fester (ed) ''Symbiosis as a source of evolutionary innovation: speciation and morphogenesis''. MIT Press.  
© 1991 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Copyrighted but [http://books.google.com/books?id=3sKzeiHUIUQC&lpg=PP1&dq=inauthor%3A%22Lynn%20Margulis%22&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false available in Google Books].


Matthew Fuller (2005) Chapter in Media Ecologies: Materialist Energies in Art and Technoculture. MIT Press [http://mitpress.mit.edu/books/chapters/026256226Xintro1.pdf Media Ecologies Sample Chapter available from MIT Press ]  
Mieog, J.C., Olsen, J.L., Berkelmans, R., Bleuler-Martinez, S.A., Willis, B.L., et al. (2009), 'The Roles and Interactions of Symbiont, Host and Environment in Defining Coral Fitness', ''PLoS ONE'' 4(7): e6364. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006364. [http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0006364 Available here]  
Copyright: © 2009 Mieog et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.


J.C.R. Licklider (1960) Man-Computer Symbiosis [http://memex.org/licklider.pdf Man-Computer symbiosis] Copyright Systems Research Centre, USA
Milius, S. (2010), 'Green Sea Slug Is Part Animal, Part Plant', ''Wired Science'' [http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2010/01/green-sea-slug/ Available here]
Wired.com © 2010 Condé Nast Digital. All rights reserved. The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used, except with the prior written permission of Condé Nast Digital.


Gerwin Schalk (2008) Brain Computer Symbiosis [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2722922/ Brain-Computer Symbiosis] Copyrighted Authors Manuscript available
Moriarty, D.E. and Miikkulainen, R. (1997) 'Forming Neural Networks Through Efficient and Adaptive Coevolution', ''Evolutionary Computation'' Winter 1997, Vol. 5, No. 4, Pages 373-399 doi:10.1162/evco.1997.5.4.373.
© 1997 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Copyrighted but available [http://nn.cs.utexas.edu/?moriarty:ec97 here.]


David E. Moriarty and Risto Miikkulainen [http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/evco.1997.5.4.373 Forming Neural Networks Through Efficient and Adaptive Coevolution]
Morton, M. (2008), 'Lynn Margulis, Symbiosis, Ethics', podcast as part of the lecture series ''Literature and the Environment'', Fall 2008. Available in [http://itunes.apple.com/gb/itunes-u/literature-environment-fall/id399641376 iTunesU.]
© Copyright The Regents of the University of California, Davis campus, 2010. All Rights Reserved.


Dr. Norman L. Johnson [http://collectivescience.com/deeper_overview.html Symbiotic Intelligence and the Internet: A Deeper Overview]
Parikka, J. (2005), 'Digital Monsters, Binary Aliens—Computer Viruses, Capitalism and the Flow of Information', ''Fibreculture'' Issue 4. [http://four.fibreculturejournal.org/fcj-019-digital-monsters-binary-aliens-%E2%80%93-computer-viruses-capitalism-and-the-flow-of-information/ Available here.]
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license. You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). You may not use this work for commercial purposes. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one.


Anant Bhan, Peter A Singer, and Abdallah S Daar [http://biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1472-698X-10-8.PDF Human-animal chimeras for vaccine development: an endangered species or opportunity for the developing world?]
Rackham, M. (2001), 'Carrier becoming symborg', "Culture Machine", Volume 3. [http://www.culturemachine.net/index.php/cm/article/view/291/276 Available here]
© 2001 Melinda Rackham. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.


Susan Schuppli [http://www.cosmosandhistory.org/index.php/journal/article/download/103-222-1-PB.PDF Of Mice Moths and Men Machines]
Rackham, M. and Everett, D. (1999), 'Carrier (becoming symborg)', Electronic Literature Collection, volume 1. [http://collection.eliterature.org/1/works/rackham_everett__carrier_becoming_symborg.html Available here.]
Previous publication: carrier was published by Rackham in 1999 on her site, http://www.subtle.net/carrier.
Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.5 License.


Jussi Parikka [http://four.fibreculturejournal.org/fcj-019-digital-monsters-binary-aliens-%E2%80%93-computer-viruses-capitalism-and-the-flow-of-information/ Digital Monsters, Binary Aliens – Computer Viruses, Capitalism and the Flow of Information]  
Sanchez, J.C., Mahmoudi, B., DiGiovanna, J., Principe, J.C. (2009), 'Exploiting co-adaptation for the design of symbiotic neuroprosthetic assistants', ''Neural Networks'', volume 22, issue 3, doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2009.03.015.
© 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Copyrighted, but [http://www.bme.miami.edu/nrg/publications/journal/journal%2019.pdf available here.]


Kevin Warwick [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031320311002032 Brain computer interface control via functional connectivity dynamics]
Schalk, G. (2008), 'Brain Computer Symbiosis', ''J Neural Eng''. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 August 6. Published in final edited form as:
''J Neural Eng''. 2008 March; 5(1): P1–P15. Published online 2008 January 17. doi:  10.1088/1741-2560/5/1/P01.
© 2008 Gerwin Schalk. Copyrighted Authors Manuscript available in [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2722922/ PubMedCentral.]


Justin C. Sanchez, Babak Mahmoudi, Jack DiGiovanna, Jose C. Principe [http://www.bme.miami.edu/nrg/publications/journal/journal%2019.pdf Exploiting co-adaptation for the design of symbiotic neuroprosthetic assistants]
Scharper, S.B. (1997), 'The Gaia Hypothesis. The world as a living organism', chapter in ''Redeeming the Time: A Political Theology of the Environment
'' New York: The Continuum International Publishing Group Inc.
© 1997 Stephen Bede Schaper. Copyrighted but available in [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-h4UqAHe4MMC&lpg=PA53&ots=vVwmgq055Q&dq=james%20lovelock%20gaia%20symbiosis&lr&pg=PA53#v=onepage&q=james%20lovelock%20gaia%20symbiosis&f=false Google Books]


Mitchell Whitelaw [http://pylon.tv/andy_gracie_symbiotic_circuits.htm Andy Gracie: Symbiotic Circuits]  
Schuppli, S. (2008), 'Of Mice Moths and Men Machines','' Cosmos and History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy'', Vol 4, No 1-2. [http://www.cosmosandhistory.org/index.php/journal/article/download/103-222-1-PB.PDF Available here.]
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Copyright for articles published in this journal is retained by the authors, with first publication rights granted to the journal. By virtue of their appearance in this open access journal, articles are free to use, with proper attribution, in educational and other non-commercial settings.


Melinda Rackham [http://www.culturemachine.net/index.php/cm/article/view/291/276 Carrier becoming symborg]
Toft, C., Williams, T.A., Fares, M.A. (2009), 'Genome-Wide Functional Divergence after the Symbiosis of Proteobacteria with Insects Unraveled through a Novel Computational Approach', ''PLoS Comput Bio''l 5(4): e1000344. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000344. [http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pcbi.1000344 Available here.]
Copyright: © 2009 Toft et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
 
Wallin, I.E. (1927), ''Symbionticism and the origin of species''. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Company. [http://www.archive.org/download/symbionticismori00wall/symbionticismori00wall.pdf Available here]. The work is in the public domain. You can duplicate, build upon, and distribute it without permission from the right-holder.
 
Watson, R. A. and Pollack, J. B. (1999), 'How Symbiosis Can Guide Evolution', ''Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Advances in Artificial Life'' (ECAL 1999). Available in [http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/12009/ The University of Southampton eprints Open Access Repository.]
 
Wernegreen J.J. (2004), 'Endosymbiosis: Lessons in Conflict Resolution', ''PLoS Biol'' 2(3): e68. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020068  [http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020068 Available here]
Copyright: © 2004 Jennifer J. Wernegreen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 
Whitelaw, M. (2006) 'Andy Gracie: Symbiotic Circuits'. Article commissioned by ''Pylon'', and available on their [http://pylon.tv/index.php website].
© PYLON, the authors and artists as credited. All rights reserved. Copyrighted but [http://pylon.tv/andy_gracie_symbiotic_circuits.htm available here.
 
Xu, J., Mahowald, M.A., Ley, R.E., Lozupone, C.A., Hamady, M., et al. (2007) 'Evolution of Symbiotic Bacteria in the Distal Human Intestine', ''PLoS Biol'' 5(7): e156. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050156  [http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.0050156 Available here]  
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Latest revision as of 19:51, 25 October 2011

Back to the book


Bhan, A., Singer, P.A. and Daar, S.A. (2010), 'Human-animal chimeras for vaccine development: an endangered species or opportunity for the developing world?' BMC International Health and Human Rights, 10:8doi:10.1186/1472-698X-10-8. Available here. This is a BMC Open Access article. BMC Open Access articles are immediately and permanently available online. Unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium is permitted, provided the article is properly cited. See BMC's open access charter.

Bök, C. (2008), 'The Xenotext Experiment', 5:2 SCRIPTed 227 DOI: 10.2966/scrip.050208.227. Available here. © 2008 Dr. Christian Bök. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.5 UK: Scotland License.

Capra, F. (1982), 'The Systems View of Life', chapter in The Turning Point: Science, Society, and the Rising Culture. New York: Simon and Schuster. © 1982 Simon and Schuster. Copyrighted but available here.

Daly, I., Nasuto, S.J., Warwick, K. (2011), 'Brain computer interface control via functional connectivity dynamics', Pattern Recognition doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2011.04.034. Copyrighted, abstract available here.

Fuller, M. (2005), 'Introduction', chapter in Media Ecologies: Materialist Energies in Art and Technoculture. MIT Press © 2005 Matthew Fuller. Copyrighted but Sample Chapter available from MIT Press here

Johnson, N.L. and Rasmussen S., 'Symbiotic Intelligence and the Internet: A Deeper Overview', Presented at the 6th Santa Fe Chaos in Manufactuing Conference April 1, 1998. Detailed summary of Johnson N., Rasmussen S., Kantor, M. 'The Symbiotic Intelligence Project. Self-Organizing Knowledge on Distributed Networks Driven by Human Interaction', New Frontiers in Collective Problem Solving Los Alamos Report LA UR-98-1150. ©2003 Norman L. Johnson. Copyrighted but available here.

Licklider, J.C.R. (1960), 'Man-Computer Symbiosis', IRE Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics, volume HFE-1, pages 4-11, March 1960. ©IRE (now IEEE) 1960. Copyrighted but available here.

Luciani, F., Alizon, S. (2009), 'The Evolutionary Dynamics of a Rapidly Mutating Virus within and between Hosts: The Case of Hepatitis C Virus', PLoS Comput Biol 5(11): e1000565. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000565. Available here. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Margulis, L. (1991), 'Symbiogenesis and Symbionticism' in: René Fester (ed) Symbiosis as a source of evolutionary innovation: speciation and morphogenesis. MIT Press. © 1991 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Copyrighted but available in Google Books.

Mieog, J.C., Olsen, J.L., Berkelmans, R., Bleuler-Martinez, S.A., Willis, B.L., et al. (2009), 'The Roles and Interactions of Symbiont, Host and Environment in Defining Coral Fitness', PLoS ONE 4(7): e6364. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006364. Available here Copyright: © 2009 Mieog et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Milius, S. (2010), 'Green Sea Slug Is Part Animal, Part Plant', Wired Science Available here. Wired.com © 2010 Condé Nast Digital. All rights reserved. The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used, except with the prior written permission of Condé Nast Digital.

Moriarty, D.E. and Miikkulainen, R. (1997) 'Forming Neural Networks Through Efficient and Adaptive Coevolution', Evolutionary Computation Winter 1997, Vol. 5, No. 4, Pages 373-399 doi:10.1162/evco.1997.5.4.373. © 1997 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Copyrighted but available here.

Morton, M. (2008), 'Lynn Margulis, Symbiosis, Ethics', podcast as part of the lecture series Literature and the Environment, Fall 2008. Available in iTunesU. © Copyright The Regents of the University of California, Davis campus, 2010. All Rights Reserved.

Parikka, J. (2005), 'Digital Monsters, Binary Aliens—Computer Viruses, Capitalism and the Flow of Information', Fibreculture Issue 4. Available here. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license. You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). You may not use this work for commercial purposes. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one.

Rackham, M. (2001), 'Carrier becoming symborg', "Culture Machine", Volume 3. Available here © 2001 Melinda Rackham. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Rackham, M. and Everett, D. (1999), 'Carrier (becoming symborg)', Electronic Literature Collection, volume 1. Available here. Previous publication: carrier was published by Rackham in 1999 on her site, http://www.subtle.net/carrier. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.5 License.

Sanchez, J.C., Mahmoudi, B., DiGiovanna, J., Principe, J.C. (2009), 'Exploiting co-adaptation for the design of symbiotic neuroprosthetic assistants', Neural Networks, volume 22, issue 3, doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2009.03.015. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Copyrighted, but available here.

Schalk, G. (2008), 'Brain Computer Symbiosis', J Neural Eng. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 August 6. Published in final edited form as: J Neural Eng. 2008 March; 5(1): P1–P15. Published online 2008 January 17. doi: 10.1088/1741-2560/5/1/P01. © 2008 Gerwin Schalk. Copyrighted Authors Manuscript available in PubMedCentral.

Scharper, S.B. (1997), 'The Gaia Hypothesis. The world as a living organism', chapter in Redeeming the Time: A Political Theology of the Environment New York: The Continuum International Publishing Group Inc. © 1997 Stephen Bede Schaper. Copyrighted but available in Google Books

Schuppli, S. (2008), 'Of Mice Moths and Men Machines', Cosmos and History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy, Vol 4, No 1-2. Available here. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Copyright for articles published in this journal is retained by the authors, with first publication rights granted to the journal. By virtue of their appearance in this open access journal, articles are free to use, with proper attribution, in educational and other non-commercial settings.

Toft, C., Williams, T.A., Fares, M.A. (2009), 'Genome-Wide Functional Divergence after the Symbiosis of Proteobacteria with Insects Unraveled through a Novel Computational Approach', PLoS Comput Biol 5(4): e1000344. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000344. Available here. Copyright: © 2009 Toft et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Wallin, I.E. (1927), Symbionticism and the origin of species. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Company. Available here. The work is in the public domain. You can duplicate, build upon, and distribute it without permission from the right-holder.

Watson, R. A. and Pollack, J. B. (1999), 'How Symbiosis Can Guide Evolution', Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Advances in Artificial Life (ECAL 1999). Available in The University of Southampton eprints Open Access Repository.

Wernegreen J.J. (2004), 'Endosymbiosis: Lessons in Conflict Resolution', PLoS Biol 2(3): e68. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020068 Available here Copyright: © 2004 Jennifer J. Wernegreen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Whitelaw, M. (2006) 'Andy Gracie: Symbiotic Circuits'. Article commissioned by Pylon, and available on their website. © PYLON, the authors and artists as credited. All rights reserved. Copyrighted but [http://pylon.tv/andy_gracie_symbiotic_circuits.htm available here.

Xu, J., Mahowald, M.A., Ley, R.E., Lozupone, C.A., Hamady, M., et al. (2007) 'Evolution of Symbiotic Bacteria in the Distal Human Intestine', PLoS Biol 5(7): e156. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050156 Available here This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.