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Living Books About Life

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[http://www.livingbooksaboutlife.org/books/ISBN_Numbers ISBN: 978-1-60785-xxx-x]  
[[Image:Unborn_human_3.jpg|right|318x450px|Unborn_human_3.jpg]]


''edited by'' [http://www.livingbooksaboutlife.org/books/The_Unborn_Human/bio Deborah Lupton] __TOC__
[http://www.livingbooksaboutlife.org/books/ISBN_Numbers ISBN: 978-1-60785-330-5]  


''edited by'' [http://www.livingbooksaboutlife.org/books/The_Unborn_Human/bio Deborah Lupton]
__TOC__
== '''Introduction: Conceptualising and Configuring the Unborn Human'''   ==
== '''Introduction: Conceptualising and Configuring the Unborn Human'''   ==
 
Unborn human organisms – embryos and foetuses – experience an unprecedented level of discursive prominence in the contemporary era. Debates about the moral status of the unborn, about their claims to personhood and whether they should be treated as full human subjects, have been ongoing for a long time, particularly in areas related to religious philosophy, bioethics and abortion politics. Over the past half-century, however, these debates have become more diversified, intense and complex in response to a number of social, technological and economic changes. More so than at any other time in human history, embryos and foetuses are represented in public forums as beautiful, precious, vulnerable creatures that require the utmost levels of protection. They are commonly positioned as already fully human, indeed as already infants, and hence as deserving of the rights and privileges accorded the infant. ([http://www.livingbooksaboutlife.org/books/The_Unborn_Human/Introduction more]) <br>
FIRST PARAGRAPH([http://www.livingbooksaboutlife.org/books/The_Unborn_Human/Introduction more])
 
Unborn human organisms – embryos and foetuses -- receive an unprecedented level of prominence in the contemporary era. There have long been debates about the moral status of the unborn and their claims to personhood and to be treated as full human subjects, particularly in relation to religious philosophy, bioethics and abortion politics. Over the past half-century, however, these debates have become more diversified, intense and complex in response to a number of social, technological and economic changes. More so than at any other time in human history, embryos and foetuses are represented in public forums as beautiful, precious, vulnerable creatures that require the utmost levels of protection. They are commonly represented as already fully human, indeed as already infants, and deserving of the rights and privileges accorded the infant. <br>
 


== Debates Over Unborn Personhood ==
== Debates Over Unborn Personhood ==
; P Kreeft : [http://catholiceducation.org/articles/abortion/ab0004.html Human personhood begins at conception]
; R George and P Lee : [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2672893 Embryonic human persons. Talking Point on morality and human embryo research]
; J Barry : [http://collections.nlm.nih.gov/muradora/objectView.action?pid=nlm:nlmuid-101161766-bk Medico-Christian Embryology, or the Unborn Child (From the Earliest Period of its Existence)]


== Mourning and Remembering the Lost Unborn ==
; M Kelley and S Trinidad : [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2393/12/137 Silent loss and the clinical encounter: parents’ and physicians’ experiences of stillbirth – a qualitative analysis]
; D Davidson : [http://www.socresonline.org.uk/16/1/6.html Reflections on doing research grounded in my experience of perinatal loss: from auto/biography to autoethnography]
; S Murphy and H Thomas : [http://www.socresonline.org.uk/18/1/16.html Stillbirth and loss: family practices and display]
; [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1MGndijGHg4&feature=related Memorial video for pregnancy loss]


Aksoy, S.<b>[http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6939/2/3 Antenatal screening and its possible meaning from the unborn baby's perspective]
== Struggles Over Dealing with the Unwanted Unborn ==
 
; A Moscrop : [http://mh.bmj.com/content/early/2013/02/20/medhum-2012-010284.full ‘Miscarriage or abortion?’ Understanding the medical language of pregnancy loss in Britain; a historical perspective]  
Andrews, P., Moore, H. and Smith, A.
; W Tong, W Low, Y Wong, S Choong and R Jegasothy : [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/12/743 Exploring pregnancy termination experiences and needs among Malaysian women: a qualitative study]
[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1469-7580.2002.00027.x/full Human embryonic stem cells: prospects for human health – a 1 day international symposium held at the University of Sheffield]
; [http://worldabortionlaws.com/map/ The World’s Abortion Laws 2013 website]
 
; N Zamberlin, M Romero and S Ramos : [http://www.reproductive-health-journal.com/content/9/1/34 Latin American women’s experiences with medical abortion in settings where abortion is legally restricted]
Barot, S.
; S Barot : [http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/gpr/15/4/gpr150407.html Governmental coercion in reproductive decision making: see it both ways]
[http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/gpr/15/4/gpr150407.html Governmental coercion in reproductive decision making: see it both ways]
; S Childs and E Evans : [http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/politicsandpolicy/archives/27716 The revived debate on abortion is not simply dog whistle politics, but a threat to women’s rights]
 
; A Peck : [http://thinkprogress.org/health/2013/02/12/1576881/personhood-map/?mobile=nc Personhood advocates continue war on women’s rights despite growing list of defeats]
Barry, J. : [http://collections.nlm.nih.gov/muradora/objectView.action?pid=nlm:nlmuid-101161766-bk Medico-Christian Embryology, or the Unborn Child (From the Earliest Period of its Existence)]
; [http://www.personhoodusa.com/ Personhood USA website]
 
; [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJIKe9eJLh4&feature=related ‘The Miracle of Life’ (excerpt from an anti-abortion film)]  
Blackford, R. : [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2564478/ Stem cell research on other worlds, or why embryos do not have a right to life]
; N Stotland : [http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?articleid=172914 Abortion: social context, psychodynamic implications]
 
; D Murphy : [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC404517 My foetus (review of documentary of this name)]
Childs, S. and Evans, E. : [http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/politicsandpolicy/archives/27716 The revived debate on abortion is not simply dog whistle politics, but a threat to women’s rights]
 
Conde, J. : [http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmjowl/vol13/iss1/7 Embryo donation: the government adopts a cause]
 
Davidson, D. : [http://www.socresonline.org.uk/16/1/6.html Reflections on doing research grounded in my experience of perinatal loss: from auto/biography to autoethnography]
 
Douglas, T. and Savulescu, J. : [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2672894/ Destroying unwanted embryos in research. Talking Point on morality and human embryo research]
 
Ehrich, K., Williams, C. and Farsides, B. : [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2592482 The embryo as moral work object: PGD/IVF staff views and experiences]
 
Ehrich, K., Williams, C. and Farsides, B. : [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3003156/ Fresh or frozen? Classifying ‘spare’ embryos for donation to human embryonic stem cell research]
 
Ehrich, K., Williams, C., Farsides, B., Sandall, J. and Scott, R. : [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2440558/ Choosing embryos: ethical complexity and relational autonomy in staff accounts of PGD]
 
Ehrich, K., Williams, C., Farsides, B. and Scott, R. : [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3378712/ Embryo futures and stem cell research: the management of informed uncertainty]
 
George, R. and Lee, P. : [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2672893 Embryonic human persons. Talking Point on morality and human embryo research]
 
Greely, H. : [http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030143 Moving human embryonic stem cells from legislature to lab: remaining legal and ethical questions]
 
Haimes, E. and Taylor, K. : [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3130929 The contributions of empirical evidence to socio-ethical debates on fresh embryo donation for human embryonic stem cell research]
 
Kelley, M. and Trinidad, S. : [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2393/12/137 Silent loss and the clinical encounter: parents’ and physicians’ experiences of stillbirth – a qualitative analysis]
 
Kreeft, P. : [http://catholiceducation.org/articles/abortion/ab0004.html Human personhood begins at conception]
 
Manninen, B. : [http://www.peh-med.com/content/2/1/7 Revisiting the argument from fetal potential]
 
Manninen, B. : [http://www.peh-med.com/content/3/1/4 Are human embryos Kantian persons? Kantian considerations in favor of embryonic stem cell research]
 
[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1MGndijGHg4&feature=related Memorial video for pregnancy loss]
 
Moscrop, A. : [http://mh.bmj.com/content/early/2013/02/20/medhum-2012-010284.full ‘Miscarriage or abortion?’ Understanding the medical language of pregnancy loss in Britain; a historical perspective]  
 
Murphy, D. : [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC404517 My foetus (review of documentary of this name)]
 
Murphy, S. and Thomas, H. : [http://www.socresonline.org.uk/18/1/16.html Stillbirth and loss: family practices and display]
 
[http://www.abortionanddisability.org/index.html Parliamentary Inquiry into Abortion on the Grounds of Disability]
 
Peck, A. : [http://thinkprogress.org/health/2013/02/12/1576881/personhood-map/?mobile=nc Personhood advocates continue war on women’s rights despite growing list of defeats]


[http://www.personhoodusa.com/ Personhood USA website]
== Assessing the Quality of the Unborn ==
; S Wang : [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3238312 The past, present, and future of embryo selection in in vitro fertilization]
; A Theodosiou and M Johnson: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3101706/ The politics of human embryo research and the motivation to achieve PGD]
; [http://www.rcog.org.uk/termination-pregnancy-fetal-abnormality-england-scotland-and-wales Termination of Pregnancy for Fetal Abnormality in England, Scotland and Wales]
; S Aksoy : [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6939/2/3 Antenatal screening and its possible meaning from the unborn baby's perspective]
; F Place : [http://journal.media-culture.org.au/index.php/mcjournal/article/viewArticle/53 Amniocentesis and motherhood: how prenatal testing shapes our cultural understandings of pregnancy and disability]
; [http://www.abortionanddisability.org/index.html Parliamentary Inquiry into Abortion on the Grounds of Disability]


Place, F. : [http://journal.media-culture.org.au/index.php/mcjournal/article/viewArticle/53 Amniocentesis and motherhood: how prenatal testing shapes our cultural understandings of pregnancy and disability]
== The Surplus Unborn Entity ==
 
; J Conde : [http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmjowl/vol13/iss1/7 Embryo donation: the government adopts a cause]
[http://www.rcog.org.uk/termination-pregnancy-fetal-abnormality-england-scotland-and-wales Termination of Pregnancy for Fetal Abnormality in England, Scotland and Wales]
; P Andrews, H Moore and A Smith : [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1469-7580.2002.00027.x/full Human embryonic stem cells: prospects for human health – a 1 day international symposium held at the University of Sheffield]
 
; H Greely : [http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030143 Moving human embryonic stem cells from legislature to lab: remaining legal and ethical questions]
Sagan, A. and Singer, P. : [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2799205/ Embryos, stem cells and moral status: a response to George and Lee]
; R Blackford : [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2564478/ Stem cell research on other worlds, or why embryos do not have a right to life]
 
; T Douglas and J Savulescu : [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2672894/ Destroying unwanted embryos in research. Talking Point on morality and human embryo research]
Saletan, W. : [http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/human_nature/2012/10/shinya_yamanaka_s_nobel_prize_he_saved_embryos_not_just_stem_cell_research_.html The healer: how Shinya Yamanaka transformed the stem-cell war and made everyone a winner]
; B Manninen : [http://www.peh-med.com/content/2/1/7 Revisiting the argument from fetal potential]
 
; B Manninen: [http://www.peh-med.com/content/3/1/4 Are human embryos Kantian persons? Kantian considerations in favor of embryonic stem cell research]
Sills, E. and Murphy, S. : [http://www.peh-med.com/content/4/1/8 Determining the status of non-transferred embryos in Ireland: a conspectus of case law and implications for clinical IVF practice]
; E Sills and S Murphy : [http://www.peh-med.com/content/4/1/8 Determining the status of non-transferred embryos in Ireland: a conspectus of case law and implications for clinical IVF practice]
 
; A Sagan and P Singer: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2799205/ Embryos, stem cells and moral status: a response to George and Lee]
Stotland, N. [http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?articleid=172914 Abortion: social context, psychodynamic implications]
; E Haimes and K Taylor : [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3130929 The contributions of empirical evidence to socio-ethical debates on fresh embryo donation for human embryonic stem cell research]
 
; S Takahashi, M Fujita, A Fujimoto, T Fujiwara, T Yano, O Tsutsumi, Y Taketani and A Akabayashi : [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6939/13/9 The decision-making process for the fate of frozen embryos by Japanese infertile women: a qualitative study]
Takahashi, S., Fujita, M., Fujimoto, A., Fujiwara, T., Yano, T., Tsutsumi, O., Taketani, Y. and Akabayashi, A. : [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6939/13/9 The decision-making process for the fate of frozen embryos by Japanese infertile women: a qualitative study]
 
[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJIKe9eJLh4&feature=related ‘The Miracle of Life’ (excerpt from an anti-abortion film)]
 
[http://worldabortionlaws.com/map/ The World’s Abortion Laws 2013 website]
 
Theodosiou, A. and Johnson, M. : [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3101706/The politics of human embryo research and the motivation to achieve PGD]
 
Tong, W., Low, W., Wong, Y., Choong, S. and Jegasothy, R. : [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/12/743 Exploring pregnancy termination experiences and needs among Malaysian women: a qualitative study]
 
Wang, S. : [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3238312 The past, present, and future of embryo selection in in vitro fertilization]
 
Zamberlin, N., Romero, M. and Ramos, S. : [http://www.reproductive-health-journal.com/content/9/1/34 Latin American women’s experiences with medical abortion in settings where abortion is legally restricted]


== Unborn Entities as Moral Work Objects ==
; W Saletan:[http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/human_nature/2012/10/shinya_yamanaka_s_nobel_prize_he_saved_embryos_not_just_stem_cell_research_.html The healer: how Shinya Yamanaka transformed the stem-cell war and made everyone a winner]
; K Ehrich, C Williams and B Farsides : [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2592482 The embryo as moral work object: PGD/IVF staff views and experiences]
; K Ehrich, C Williams and B Farsides : [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3003156/ Fresh or frozen? Classifying ‘spare’ embryos for donation to human embryonic stem cell research]
; K Ehrich, C Williams, B Farsides, J Sandall and R Scott: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2440558/ Choosing embryos: ethical complexity and relational autonomy in staff accounts of PGD]
; K Ehrich, C Williams, B Farsides and R Scott: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3378712/ Embryo futures and stem cell research: the management of informed uncertainty]


== Visualising the Unborn ==
== Visualising the Unborn ==
 
; H Barniville : [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1288991/ The morphology and histology of a human embryo of 8.5 mm]
 
; [http://www.hps.cam.ac.uk/visibleembryos ‘Making Visible Embryos’ website]
[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fKyljukBE70 Alexander Tsiaras's TED talk about his visualisations of the unborn]
; [http://www.lennartnilsson.com/child_is_born.html ‘Lennart Nilsson Photography’ website]  
 
; [http://www.anatomicaltravel.com/ ‘The Visual MD’ (Alexander Tsiaras’s company) website]
Barniville, H. : [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1288991/The morphology and histology of a human embryo of 8.5 mm]
; [http://www.visembryo.com&nbsp ‘The Visible Embryo’ website]
 
; [http://embryo.soad.umich.edu/ ‘The Multi Dimensional Human Embryo’ website]
[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qi-TLTQemNU&feature=related ‘In the Womb’ (excerpt from a National Geographic documentary)]  
; [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qi-TLTQemNU&feature=related ‘In the Womb’ (excerpt from a National Geographic documentary)]  
 
; [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vR75Y3G8PHA&playnext=1&list=PLC2A3CE4928E3617F&feature=results_main ‘The Miracle of Life Part 1’ (excerpt from Lennart Nilsson's documentary)]
[http://www.lennartnilsson.com/child_is_born.html ‘Lennart Nilsson Photography’ website]  
; [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fKyljukBE70 Alexander Tsiaras's TED talk about his visualisations of the unborn]
; [http://pinterest.com/dalupton/sociology-of-the-unborn ‘The Sociology of the Unborn’ Pinterest board]
[http://www.hps.cam.ac.uk/visibleembryos ‘Making Visible Embryos’ website]
; E Tansey and D Christie (eds) : [http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/2075 Looking At the Unborn: Historical Aspects of Obstetric Ultrasound]
 
; N Reissland, B Francis, J Mason and K Lincoln : [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0024081 Do facial expressions develop before birth?]
Reissland, N., Francis, B., Mason, J. and Lincoln, K. : [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0024081 Do facial expressions develop before birth?]
; [http://pinterest.com/dalupton/the-ultrasound-as-cultural-artefact ‘The Ultrasound as Cultural Artefact’ Pinterest board]
 
Tansey, E. and Christie, D. (eds) : [http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/2075 Looking At the Unborn: Historical Aspects of Obstetric Ultrasound]
 
[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vR75Y3G8PHA&playnext=1&list=PLC2A3CE4928E3617F&feature=results_main ‘The Miracle of Life Part 1’ (excerpt from Lennart Nilsson's documentary)]
 
‘The Multi Dimensional Human Embryo’ website: http://embryo.soad.umich.edu/  
‘The Sociology of the Unborn’ Pinterest board: http://pinterest.com/dalupton/sociology-of-the-unborn
‘The Ultrasound as Cultural Artefact’ Pinterest board: http://pinterest.com/dalupton/the-ultrasound-as-cultural-artefact
‘The Visible Embryo’ website: http://www.visembryo.com&nbsp
‘The Visual MD’ (Alexander Tsiaras’s company) website: http://www.anatomicaltravel.com/


== Risk and Maternal Responsibility ==
== Risk and Maternal Responsibility ==
 
; T A Helme : [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2358178 An address on the unborn child: its care and rights]
Bayrampour, H., Heaman, M. Duncan, K. and Tough, S. (2012) Advanced maternal age and risk perception: a qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 12 (100). http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2393/12/100
; B Rhetta : [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2622137 A plea for the lives of the unborn]
Licence: © 2012 H. Bayrampour et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
; I Monie : [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1515272/ Influence of the environment on the unborn]
 
; J Machado, P Filho, G Petersen and J Chatkin : [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2393/11/24 Quantitative effects of tobacco smoking exposure on the maternal-fetal circulation]
Beveridge, E., Anath, H. and Scurlock, H. (2003) What protection for the unborn child of a psychologically vulnerable adult? Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 96(2), 92—3.
; C Spong : [http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030196 Protection against prenatal alcohol-induced damage]
Link to the US National Library of Medicine: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC539404
; S Yazdani, Y Yosofniyapasha, B Nasab, M Mojaveri and Z Bouzari : [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1756-0500/5/34  Effect of maternal body mass index on pregnancy outcome and newborn weight]
 
; E Saastad, B Winje, B Pedersen, B. Stray and Froen, J. Frederick : [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0028482 Fetal movement counting improved identification of fetal growth restriction and perinatal outcomes – a multi-centre, randomized, control trial]
Dayan, J., Creveuil, C., Dreyfus, M., Herlicoviez, M., Baleyte, J.-M. and O’Keane, V. (2010) Developmental model of depression applied to prenatal depression: role of past and present life events, post emotional disorders and pregnancy stress. PLoS ONE, 5(9), e12942. http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0012942
; P Lowe, E Lee and L Yardley : [http://www.socresonline.org.uk/15/4/2.html Under the influence? The construction of foetal alcohol syndrome in UK newspapers]
Licence: © 2010 J. Dayan et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
; K McDonald, L Amir and M-A Davey : [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/11/S5/S5 Maternal bodies and medicines: a commentary on risk and decision-making of pregnant and breastfeeding women and health professionals]
 
; A Maas, C Vreeswijk, E de Cock, C Rijk and H van Bakel : [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2393/12/46 'Expectant parents': study protocol of a longitudinal study concerning prenatal (risk) factors and postnatal infant development, parenting, and parent-infant relationships]
Helme, T.A. (1907) An address on the unborn child: its care and rights. British Medical Journal, 2(2434), 421—5.
; E Beveridge, H Anath and H Scurlock: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC539404 What protection for the unborn child of a psychologically vulnerable adult?]
Link to the US National Library of Medicine: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2358178
; J Dayan, C Creveuil, M Dreyfus, M Herlicoviez, J-M Baleyte and V O’Keane : [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0012942 Developmental model of depression applied to prenatal depression: role of past and present life events, post emotional disorders and pregnancy stress]
 
; S Ratnapalan, Y Bentur and G Koren : [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2585137 Doctor, will that x-ray harm my unborn child?]
Lowe, P., Lee, E. and Yardley, L. (2010) Under the influence? The construction of foetal alcohol syndrome in UK newspapers. Sociological Research Online, 15(4).
; H Bayrampour, M Heaman, K Duncan  and S Tough : [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2393/12/100 Advanced maternal age and risk perception: a qualitative study]
Link to the Sociological Research Online website: http://www.socresonline.org.uk/15/4/2.html
; R Westfall and C Benoit : [http://www.socresonline.org.uk/13/3/4.html  Interpreting compliance and resistance to medical dominance in women’s accounts of their pregnancies]
 
; S Viaux-Savalon, M Dommergues, O Rosenblum, M Bodeau, E Aidane, O Philippon, P Mazet, C Vibert-Guigue, D Vauthier-Brouzes, R Feldman and D Cohen : [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0030935 Prenatal ultrasound screening: false positive soft markers may alter maternal representations and mother-infant interaction]
Maas, A., Vreeswijk, C., de Cock, E., Rijk, C. and van Bakel, H. (2012) 'Expectant parents': study protocol of a longitudinal study concerning prenatal (risk) factors and postnatal infant development, parenting, and parent-infant relationships. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 12(46). http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2393/12/46
Licence: © 2012 A. Maas et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author is properly cited.
 
McDonald, K., Amir, L. and Davey, M-A. (2011) Maternal bodies and medicines: a commentary on risk and decision-making of pregnant and breastfeeding women and health professionals. BMC Public Health, 11(Suppl 5). http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/11/S5/S5
Licence: © 2011 K. McDonald et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 
Machado, J., Filho, P., Petersen, G. and Chatkin, J. (2011) Quantitative effects of tobacco smoking exposure on the maternal-fetal circulation. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 11(24). http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2393/11/24
Licence: © 2011 J. Machado et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author is properly cited.
 
Monie, I. (1963) Influence of the environment on the unborn. Western Journal of Medicine, 99(5), 323—27.
Link to the US National Library of Medicine: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1515272/
 
Ratnapalan, S., Bentur, Y. and Koren, G. (2008) Doctor, will that x-ray harm my unborn child? Canadian Medical Association Journal, 179(12), 1293—6.
Link to the US National Library of Medicine: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2585137
 
Rhetta, B. (1915) A plea for the lives of the unborn. Journal of the National Medical Association, 7(3), 200—5.
Link to the US National Library of Medicine: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2622137
 
Saastad, E., Winje, B., Pedersen, B. Stray and Froen, J. Frederick (2011) Fetal movement counting improved identification of fetal growth restriction and perinatal outcomes – a multi-centre, randomized, control trial. PLoS One, 6(12). http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0028482
Licence: © 2011 E. Saastad et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
 
Spong, C. (2006) Protection against prenatal alcohol-induced damage. PLoS Medicine, 3(4). http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030196
Licence: © 2006 C. Spong. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose.
 
Viaux-Savalen, S. et al. (2012) Prenatal ultrasound screening: false positive soft markers may alter maternal representations and mother-infant interaction. PLoS One, 7(1). http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0030935
Licence: © 2011 S. Viaux-Savelen et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
 
Westfall, R. and Benoit, C. (2008) Interpreting compliance and resistance to medical dominance in women’s accounts of their pregnancies. Sociological Research Online, 13(3).
Link to the Sociological Research Online website: http://www.socresonline.org.uk/13/3/4.html
 
Yazdani, S., Yosofniyapasha, Y., Nasab, B. Hassan, Mojaveri, M. Hagshenas, and Bouzari, Z. (2012) Effect of maternal body mass index on pregnancy outcome and newborn weight. BMC Research Notes, 5(34). http://www.biomedcentral.com/1756-0500/5/34
Licence: © 2012 S. Yazdani et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


== Bringing the Maternal Body Back In ==
== Bringing the Maternal Body Back In ==
; J Souza, A Oliveira-Neto, F Surita, J Cecatti, E Amaral and J Pinto e Silva: [http://www.reproductive-health-journal.com/content/3/1/3 The prolongation of somatic support in a pregnant woman with brain-death: a case report]
; D Riggs  and C Due : [http://www.outskirts.arts.uwa.edu.au/volumes/volume-22/ Gay men, race and surrogacy in India]
; A Bosanquet : [http://www.outskirts.arts.uwa.edu.au/volumes/volume-22/bosanquet An image carnal and divine: angels playing with placenta]


Bosanquet, A. (2010) An image carnal and divine: angels playing with placentas. Outskirts, 22.
== '''[http://www.livingbooksaboutlife.org/books/The_Unborn_Human/Attributions Attributions]''' ==
Link to the Outskirts journal online: http://www.outskirts.arts.uwa.edu.au/volumes/volume-22/bosanquet
 
Riggs, D. and Due, C. (2010) Gay men, race privilege and surrogacy in India. Outskirts, 22. Link to the Outskirts journal online: http://www.outskirts.arts.uwa.edu.au/volumes/volume-22/riggs.
 
Souza, J., Oliveira-Neto, A., Surita, F. Garanhani, Cecatti, J., Amaral, E. and e Silva, J. Pinto (2006) The prolongation of somatic support in a pregnant woman with brain-death: a case report. Reproductive Health, 3(3). http://www.reproductive-health-journal.com/content/3/1/3
Licence: © 2006 J. Souza et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 
 
<br>&nbsp;


== '''[http://www.livingbooksaboutlife.org/books/The_Unborn_Human/Attributions Attributions]''' ==
== A 'Frozen' PDF Version of this Living Book ==
; [http://livingbooksaboutlife.org/pdfs/bookarchive/The_Unborn_Human.pdf Download a 'frozen' PDF version of this book as it appeared on 13th June 2013]

Latest revision as of 21:03, 27 June 2014

Unborn_human_3.jpg
Unborn_human_3.jpg

ISBN: 978-1-60785-330-5

edited by Deborah Lupton

Introduction: Conceptualising and Configuring the Unborn Human 

Unborn human organisms – embryos and foetuses – experience an unprecedented level of discursive prominence in the contemporary era. Debates about the moral status of the unborn, about their claims to personhood and whether they should be treated as full human subjects, have been ongoing for a long time, particularly in areas related to religious philosophy, bioethics and abortion politics. Over the past half-century, however, these debates have become more diversified, intense and complex in response to a number of social, technological and economic changes. More so than at any other time in human history, embryos and foetuses are represented in public forums as beautiful, precious, vulnerable creatures that require the utmost levels of protection. They are commonly positioned as already fully human, indeed as already infants, and hence as deserving of the rights and privileges accorded the infant. (more)

Debates Over Unborn Personhood

P Kreeft
Human personhood begins at conception
R George and P Lee
Embryonic human persons. Talking Point on morality and human embryo research
J Barry
Medico-Christian Embryology, or the Unborn Child (From the Earliest Period of its Existence)

Mourning and Remembering the Lost Unborn

M Kelley and S Trinidad
Silent loss and the clinical encounter: parents’ and physicians’ experiences of stillbirth – a qualitative analysis
D Davidson
Reflections on doing research grounded in my experience of perinatal loss: from auto/biography to autoethnography
S Murphy and H Thomas
Stillbirth and loss: family practices and display
Memorial video for pregnancy loss

Struggles Over Dealing with the Unwanted Unborn

A Moscrop
‘Miscarriage or abortion?’ Understanding the medical language of pregnancy loss in Britain; a historical perspective
W Tong, W Low, Y Wong, S Choong and R Jegasothy
Exploring pregnancy termination experiences and needs among Malaysian women: a qualitative study
The World’s Abortion Laws 2013 website
N Zamberlin, M Romero and S Ramos
Latin American women’s experiences with medical abortion in settings where abortion is legally restricted
S Barot
Governmental coercion in reproductive decision making: see it both ways
S Childs and E Evans
The revived debate on abortion is not simply dog whistle politics, but a threat to women’s rights
A Peck
Personhood advocates continue war on women’s rights despite growing list of defeats
Personhood USA website
‘The Miracle of Life’ (excerpt from an anti-abortion film)
N Stotland
Abortion: social context, psychodynamic implications
D Murphy
My foetus (review of documentary of this name)

Assessing the Quality of the Unborn

S Wang
The past, present, and future of embryo selection in in vitro fertilization
A Theodosiou and M Johnson
The politics of human embryo research and the motivation to achieve PGD
Termination of Pregnancy for Fetal Abnormality in England, Scotland and Wales
S Aksoy
Antenatal screening and its possible meaning from the unborn baby's perspective
F Place
Amniocentesis and motherhood: how prenatal testing shapes our cultural understandings of pregnancy and disability
Parliamentary Inquiry into Abortion on the Grounds of Disability

The Surplus Unborn Entity

J Conde
Embryo donation: the government adopts a cause
P Andrews, H Moore and A Smith
Human embryonic stem cells: prospects for human health – a 1 day international symposium held at the University of Sheffield
H Greely
Moving human embryonic stem cells from legislature to lab: remaining legal and ethical questions
R Blackford
Stem cell research on other worlds, or why embryos do not have a right to life
T Douglas and J Savulescu
Destroying unwanted embryos in research. Talking Point on morality and human embryo research
B Manninen
Revisiting the argument from fetal potential
B Manninen
Are human embryos Kantian persons? Kantian considerations in favor of embryonic stem cell research
E Sills and S Murphy
Determining the status of non-transferred embryos in Ireland: a conspectus of case law and implications for clinical IVF practice
A Sagan and P Singer
Embryos, stem cells and moral status: a response to George and Lee
E Haimes and K Taylor
The contributions of empirical evidence to socio-ethical debates on fresh embryo donation for human embryonic stem cell research
S Takahashi, M Fujita, A Fujimoto, T Fujiwara, T Yano, O Tsutsumi, Y Taketani and A Akabayashi
The decision-making process for the fate of frozen embryos by Japanese infertile women: a qualitative study

Unborn Entities as Moral Work Objects

W Saletan
The healer: how Shinya Yamanaka transformed the stem-cell war and made everyone a winner
K Ehrich, C Williams and B Farsides
The embryo as moral work object: PGD/IVF staff views and experiences
K Ehrich, C Williams and B Farsides
Fresh or frozen? Classifying ‘spare’ embryos for donation to human embryonic stem cell research
K Ehrich, C Williams, B Farsides, J Sandall and R Scott
Choosing embryos: ethical complexity and relational autonomy in staff accounts of PGD
K Ehrich, C Williams, B Farsides and R Scott
Embryo futures and stem cell research: the management of informed uncertainty

Visualising the Unborn

H Barniville
The morphology and histology of a human embryo of 8.5 mm
‘Making Visible Embryos’ website
‘Lennart Nilsson Photography’ website
‘The Visual MD’ (Alexander Tsiaras’s company) website
‘The Visible Embryo’ website
‘The Multi Dimensional Human Embryo’ website
‘In the Womb’ (excerpt from a National Geographic documentary)
‘The Miracle of Life Part 1’ (excerpt from Lennart Nilsson's documentary)
Alexander Tsiaras's TED talk about his visualisations of the unborn
‘The Sociology of the Unborn’ Pinterest board
E Tansey and D Christie (eds)
Looking At the Unborn: Historical Aspects of Obstetric Ultrasound
N Reissland, B Francis, J Mason and K Lincoln
Do facial expressions develop before birth?
‘The Ultrasound as Cultural Artefact’ Pinterest board

Risk and Maternal Responsibility

T A Helme
An address on the unborn child: its care and rights
B Rhetta
A plea for the lives of the unborn
I Monie
Influence of the environment on the unborn
J Machado, P Filho, G Petersen and J Chatkin
Quantitative effects of tobacco smoking exposure on the maternal-fetal circulation
C Spong
Protection against prenatal alcohol-induced damage
S Yazdani, Y Yosofniyapasha, B Nasab, M Mojaveri and Z Bouzari
Effect of maternal body mass index on pregnancy outcome and newborn weight
E Saastad, B Winje, B Pedersen, B. Stray and Froen, J. Frederick
Fetal movement counting improved identification of fetal growth restriction and perinatal outcomes – a multi-centre, randomized, control trial
P Lowe, E Lee and L Yardley
Under the influence? The construction of foetal alcohol syndrome in UK newspapers
K McDonald, L Amir and M-A Davey
Maternal bodies and medicines: a commentary on risk and decision-making of pregnant and breastfeeding women and health professionals
A Maas, C Vreeswijk, E de Cock, C Rijk and H van Bakel
'Expectant parents': study protocol of a longitudinal study concerning prenatal (risk) factors and postnatal infant development, parenting, and parent-infant relationships
E Beveridge, H Anath and H Scurlock
What protection for the unborn child of a psychologically vulnerable adult?
J Dayan, C Creveuil, M Dreyfus, M Herlicoviez, J-M Baleyte and V O’Keane
Developmental model of depression applied to prenatal depression: role of past and present life events, post emotional disorders and pregnancy stress
S Ratnapalan, Y Bentur and G Koren
Doctor, will that x-ray harm my unborn child?
H Bayrampour, M Heaman, K Duncan and S Tough
Advanced maternal age and risk perception: a qualitative study
R Westfall and C Benoit
Interpreting compliance and resistance to medical dominance in women’s accounts of their pregnancies
S Viaux-Savalon, M Dommergues, O Rosenblum, M Bodeau, E Aidane, O Philippon, P Mazet, C Vibert-Guigue, D Vauthier-Brouzes, R Feldman and D Cohen
Prenatal ultrasound screening: false positive soft markers may alter maternal representations and mother-infant interaction

Bringing the Maternal Body Back In

J Souza, A Oliveira-Neto, F Surita, J Cecatti, E Amaral and J Pinto e Silva
The prolongation of somatic support in a pregnant woman with brain-death: a case report
D Riggs and C Due
Gay men, race and surrogacy in India
A Bosanquet
An image carnal and divine: angels playing with placenta

Attributions

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